Ausführliche Studie unter:
http://www.uni-kiel.de/Geographie/Baehr/Projekte/ghettoization.htm

The South African city is a product of Apartheid policies, which led to a systematic spatial separation of residential areas on the basis of ethnic criteria. The socioecological processes so familiar from other culture areas were suppressed or frozen. Demographic and ethnic segregation, invasion and succession on the basis of free decisions made by individuals, as postulated by the Chicago school of sociology, were observable only in the part of the city that was declared "white".

In the aftermath of the political changes since 1991, the question arises whether the socioecological processes that were lacking in former times are now occurring. Reasons for such processes would be the increasing differentiation and spatial mobility of non-whites, liberalized, often unutilized housing markets in the previous "white" city and the increasing expectations of the non-white population regarding housing conditions, residential location and security.

Will the transformation process lead to stable mixed racial neighbourhoods or will the desegregation processes be only temporary? Are especially the inner city areas in danger of turning into new black ghettos ten years after the end of Apartheid?

Are new ghetto-like residential areas also arising at the edge of the cities in the form of gated communities? Will Johannesburg continue to exist as a fragmented city characterized by residential islands of varying ethnic homogeneity and standards of security vis-à-vis the "outside world"?